In the second half of the fifth millennium B.C. In the south of Romania evolved Gumelniţa Culture, who was named after Magura Gumelniţa what lies 4 km northeast of the city of Olteniţa. Gumelniţa Culture was the most advanced civilization in Europe at that time, the bearers of this culture is in a state of social and economic development, similar to those of contemporary civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the cradle of civilization of mankind. The distribution area of this culture includes all Muntenia, southern Moldova, Dobrogea, east Bulgaria, reaching south to the Aegean Sea. The characteristic settlements of this culture are tells, with heights reaching sometimes up to 12, 5 m or 15 m (in Borduşani Hârsova). The economy was based on crop cultivation, animal taming, hunting, fishing and gathering. By plane were made flint tools like axes, blades, scrapers, chisels, drills, tips for spears and arrows and axes were made by grinding stone plate, hammer axes, chisels, adzes, etc. Bone tools are quite numerous.

Descarcă catalogul: Muzeul Civilizaţiei Gumelniţa – Olteniţa, editura Eurogama Invest S.R.L., Bucureşti 2005. (pdf, 8 MB)